St. Alphonsus Liguori

St. Alphonsus Liguori was born on September 27, 1696, at Marianella near Naples, into a noble family. A prodigy, he took his doctorate in civil and canon law at sixteen and enjoyed a brilliant career at the Neapolitan bar until, in 1723, the humiliating loss of an important case helped him see the emptiness of worldly ambition. He abandoned the law, took up studies for the priesthood over his father's objections, and was ordained in 1726. As a young priest he poured himself out for the poorest of Naples, gathering the lazzaroni — the city's laborers and street poor — into 'evening chapels' for prayer, instruction, and mutual support. Preaching missions in the countryside, Alphonsus was struck by the spiritual abandonment of the rural poor. In 1732, at Scala above the Amalfi coast, he founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer — the Redemptorists — dedicated to preaching the Gospel to the most neglected. Despite decades of internal trials and political interference, the congregation grew into a worldwide missionary institute. Alphonsus was one of the most influential moral theologians in the Church's history. His Moral Theology steered a wise middle course between rigorism, which crushed consciences, and laxity, which betrayed them, always keeping in view the mercy of God and the real circumstances of penitents. He was also a prolific spiritual writer: The Glories of Mary, Visits to the Blessed Sacrament, and The Way of the Cross have nourished generations of the faithful, and his Christmas hymn 'Tu scendi dalle stelle' is still sung throughout Italy. Named Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762, he served until ill health forced his resignation in 1775. His last years, spent among his Redemptorists at Pagani near Nocera, were marked by crippling rheumatism, painful misunderstandings over the congregation's rule, and interior darkness — all borne with patient trust. He died on August 1, 1787. Alphonsus was canonized in 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI, declared a Doctor of the Church in 1871 by Pope Pius IX, and named patron of confessors and moral theologians by Pope Pius XII in 1950. His memorial is kept on August 1, and his tomb may be visited in the Basilica of Sant'Alfonso Maria de' Liguori at Pagani, a place of pilgrimage in the care of his Redemptorist sons.