St. John Paul II

St. John Paul II was born Karol Józef Wojtyła on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, Poland. By age twenty he had lost his mother, his only brother, and his father. Under the Nazi occupation he labored in a quarry and a chemical plant while pursuing acting and poetry, then entered Kraków's clandestine seminary in 1942. Ordained in 1946, he became a philosophy professor and a magnetic chaplain to university students, was named auxiliary bishop of Kraków in 1958, archbishop in 1964, and cardinal in 1967, contributing significantly to the Second Vatican Council. On October 16, 1978, he was elected pope — the first non-Italian in 455 years and the first Pole ever — taking the name John Paul II. His opening summons, "Be not afraid," set the tone for a pontificate of nearly twenty-seven years, the second-longest firmly documented in history. His 1979 pilgrimage to Poland awakened the movement that became Solidarity, and his moral leadership is widely credited with helping bring about the peaceful collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. On May 13, 1981, he was gravely wounded by a gunman in St. Peter's Square; he attributed his survival to Our Lady of Fatima and later visited and forgave his assailant. A missionary on a global scale, he made 104 apostolic journeys abroad, founded World Youth Day, and drew the largest crowds in human history. His teaching was equally vast: fourteen encyclicals, the Theology of the Body, the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992), the addition of the Luminous Mysteries to the Rosary, and the establishment of Divine Mercy Sunday alongside the canonization of St. Faustina Kowalska. His motto, Totus Tuus ("totally yours"), expressed his intense Marian devotion, and he canonized more saints than all his predecessors of the previous four centuries combined. His final years, marked publicly by Parkinson's disease, became a last catechesis on the dignity of suffering. He died on April 2, 2005, on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday, as crowds in St. Peter's Square chanted "Santo subito" — "sainthood now." Beatified by Benedict XVI on May 1, 2011, he was canonized by Pope Francis on April 27, 2014, together with St. John XXIII. His feast is October 22, the anniversary of his papal inauguration, and his tomb in the Chapel of St. Sebastian in St. Peter's Basilica is among the most visited pilgrimage sites in the world.