St. Nicholas

St. Nicholas was born around 270, according to tradition at Patara in Lycia, a Greek-speaking province of Asia Minor on the southern coast of modern Turkey. He became bishop of the nearby port city of Myra, and it is as bishop of Myra that history and liturgy remember him. Contemporary documentation of his life is scant—a fact worth stating plainly of a saint so universally loved—but his veneration arose early and spread with remarkable speed through both East and West, strong evidence of a bishop whose holiness left a deep mark on his people. Hagiographical accounts relate that he suffered imprisonment during the persecution of Diocletian and was present at the Council of Nicaea in 325, though his name appears only in some lists of the council fathers. The most beloved tradition tells how Nicholas, learning of a poor man unable to provide dowries for his three daughters, secretly threw bags of gold through the family's window by night, saving the girls from destitution. Other stories celebrate him calming storms at sea, rescuing the innocent from unjust execution, and restoring children to life—legends that made him the great patron of children, sailors, and all in need, and earned him the Eastern title 'Wonderworker.' Nicholas died at Myra around 343 and was buried there; his tomb became famous for a fragrant liquid, called manna, which pilgrims collected. In 1087 Italian sailors carried his relics to Bari in southern Italy, where the great Basilica di San Nicola was built to enshrine them. Bari remains one of Christendom's notable pilgrimage centers, remarkable today as a place of shared devotion for Catholic and Orthodox faithful alike; some relics are also venerated in Venice. His feast on December 6 has been kept with gift-giving and festivity across Europe for centuries, and through the Dutch 'Sinterklaas' his figure passed into popular culture as Santa Claus—a distant echo of the generous bishop of Myra. Venerated since long before formal canonization processes, Nicholas is honored as patron of children, sailors, merchants, brides, pawnbrokers, and the poor, and as one of the most popular saints the Church has ever known.