St. Paul of the Cross

St. Paul of the Cross was born Paolo Francesco Danei in 1694 at Ovada in northern Italy, the son of a struggling merchant family. Devout from childhood, he experienced a profound conversion at about nineteen and gave himself to prayer and penance, gradually discerning that God was calling him to gather companions who would live and preach the memory of Christ's Passion. In 1720 Paul received the vision that shaped his life: he saw himself clothed in the black habit bearing the emblem of the Cross and the Holy Name that Passionists wear to this day. During an intense forty-day retreat at Castellazzo he wrote the Rule of the new community. After years of trial and rejection, he and his brother John Baptist were ordained priests in Rome in 1727, and in 1737 the first Passionist retreat was opened on Monte Argentario on the Tuscan coast. The Congregation of the Passion of Jesus Christ received papal approval, joining contemplative austerity to the apostolic work of preaching. Paul became one of the most celebrated mission preachers of eighteenth-century Italy, moving hardened hearts by preaching the Passion of Christ, which he called 'the greatest and most overwhelming work of God's love.' He was also a sought-after spiritual director whose thousands of surviving letters trace a profound mystical theology of union with the Crucified, including his own long interior desolation borne with patient trust. In 1771 he founded the cloistered Passionist nuns at Corneto. He died in Rome on October 18, 1775, and was canonized in 1867 by Pope Pius IX. His tomb is venerated in the Basilica of Saints John and Paul on Rome's Caelian Hill, the home of the Passionist Generalate. His feast is celebrated on October 19 (October 20 in the United States), and he is honored as a patron of devotion to the Passion of Christ.