St. Rose of Lima

Saint Rose of Lima (1586-1617) was the first canonized saint of the Americas, a laywoman of colonial Peru whose hidden life of prayer, penance, and charity made her the flower of the New World Church. Born Isabel Flores de Oliva in Lima on April 20, 1586, to a Spanish father and a mother of Lima, she was called Rose from infancy because of her beauty, and she took the name formally at confirmation. Determined to belong entirely to God, Rose resisted her family's hopes of an advantageous marriage and took a private vow of virginity. Taking Saint Catherine of Siena as her model, she became a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic around 1606, continuing to live at her family home rather than in a convent. She made herself a small hermitage in the garden, where she spent long hours in prayer and, hagiographical accounts relate, practiced austerities of a severity that startled even her confessors, wearing a crown of thorns hidden under roses and enduring long fasts and vigils. She supported her struggling family by selling her fine needlework and the flowers she grew. Rose's holiness was not only penitential but practical. She set aside a room of the family house to care for sick and hungry people, including the poor, enslaved persons, and Indigenous neighbors of Lima, a work remembered as one of the beginnings of organized charity in Peru. She experienced deep mystical prayer, together with long periods of desolation, and her spiritual gifts were examined and approved by theologians of her day. Worn out by illness and austerity, Rose died in Lima on August 24, 1617, at thirty-one years of age, and the whole city turned out for her funeral. She was beatified in 1667 by Pope Clement IX and canonized in 1671 by Pope Clement X, the first person born in the Americas to be raised to the altars. She is venerated as patroness of Peru and of Latin America, and also of gardeners and florists; the Philippines and the Indies were likewise placed under her patronage. Her shrine in Lima, the Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima, preserves her hermitage and famous wishing well, and her relics rest nearby in the Basilica of Santo Domingo together with those of Saint Martin de Porres and Saint John Macias. Her feast, long kept on August 30, a date still celebrated as a national holiday in Peru, is observed on August 23 in the present General Roman Calendar.